Pennsylvania Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What do sunscreens primarily contain to protect the skin?

1. Antioxidants

2. Blockers and absorbers

3. Hydrators

4. Exfoliants

The correct answer is: Blockers and absorbers

Sunscreens primarily contain blockers and absorbers, which are essential for protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Blockers, often referred to as physical or mineral sunscreens, contain active mineral ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide that sit on the skin's surface and provide a physical barrier against UV rays. In contrast, absorbers are usually chemical compounds that absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. By combining these two mechanisms, sunscreens effectively prevent skin damage caused by sun exposure, including premature aging and a heightened risk of skin cancer. The protection offered by these formulations makes them critical components of any skincare regimen focusing on sun safety. While antioxidants play a role in skin health by neutralizing free radicals caused by UV exposure, they are not the primary function of sunscreens. Hydrators are primarily used to add moisture to the skin, and exfoliants serve to slough away dead skin cells. These functions, while beneficial for overall skin care, do not directly contribute to the protection offered against UV radiation, which is the primary purpose of sunscreens.