Pennsylvania Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What is the effect of applying the cathode during electrotherapy?

1. Positive ion movement

2. Negative ion movement

3. Heat generation

4. Oxygen release

The correct answer is: Negative ion movement

When using the cathode in electrotherapy, negative ions are attracted towards the positive pole, which leads to negative ion movement in the area being treated. This movement of negative ions can have several therapeutic effects. The cathode is often used to facilitate processes such as skin tightening, increased circulation, and enhanced penetration of products during treatments. The application of negative ions is also believed to have a calming effect on the skin, which can reduce redness and irritation, making treatments more effective. In this context, positive ion movement and heat generation are associated with the anode, not the cathode. Oxygen release does occur during certain types of electrotherapy, particularly at the anode, where oxidation reactions take place. Therefore, the movement of negative ions due to the application of the cathode is the most relevant effect, emphasizing its role in promoting various healing properties through electrotherapy.