Pennsylvania Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What is the second level of infection control that does not eliminate bacterial spores known as?

1. Sanitation

2. Disinfection

3. Sterilization

4. Antisepsis

The correct answer is: Disinfection

The second level of infection control that does not eliminate bacterial spores is known as disinfection. Disinfection refers to the process of using chemical agents or physical methods to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or tools to a safe level, but it does not ensure the complete elimination of all microbial life, particularly bacterial spores. This level of control is vital in settings such as salons and spas, where tools and surfaces must be free from harmful pathogens to protect clients and practitioners. For instance, when disinfecting tools like manicure implements or facial equipment, while the goal is to kill most bacteria, viruses, and fungi, some resistant spores may still survive. Understanding the difference in levels of infection control is crucial for estheticians to maintain hygiene and safety in their practice. Sanitation generally refers to practices that reduce pathogens to a safe level but does not involve chemical disinfection or sterilization. Sterilization, on the other hand, includes processes that eliminate all forms of microbial life, including spores. Antisepsis applies to reducing pathogens on living tissue, which is not the focus of the question regarding tools and surfaces. Hence, disinfection is the proper term for this second level of infection control.