Pennsylvania Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What type of organism causes diseases like ringworm and nail fungus?

1. Protozoa

2. Fungi

3. Viruses

4. Bacteria

The correct answer is: Fungi

Fungi are the organisms responsible for causing diseases such as ringworm and nail fungus. These are categorized as dermatophytes, which are a specific group of fungi that thrive on keratin found in skin, hair, and nails. Ringworm, despite its name suggesting it's a worm, is actually a fungal infection that presents on the skin, while nail fungus (onychomycosis) affects the nails, causing discoloration, thickening, and possible separation from the nail bed. Fungi reproduce by spores and often thrive in warm, moist environments, which is why conditions such as athlete's foot and fungal nail infections are common in such settings. Understanding the role of fungi in skin conditions is crucial for proper treatment and prevention, highlighting the importance of hygiene and the use of antifungal medications when necessary. In contrast, protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause different infections, primarily in the gut or blood; viruses are smaller infectious agents that require a host cell to replicate and can cause illnesses like the flu and cold; and bacteria are single-celled organisms that can be both beneficial and harmful but are not responsible for fungal infections specifically. Each of these categories represents a distinct type of pathogen with its own characteristics and implications for health.